After a long process of peace negotiations, which started only three years after the outbreak of the second civil war in sudan in 1983, a comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed on january 9, 2005 between the government of sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma. While the agreement ended one of africas longest and bloodiest civil wars, it was an agreement. After the comprehensive peace agreement in sudan on jstor. The crisis in darfur and status of the northsouth peace agreement congressional research service summary sudan, geographically the largest country in africa, has been ravaged by civil war intermittently for four decades. A summary of the comprehensive peace agreement conciliation. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan and the splmspla with annexes.
Although it represents the culmination of a long, di. The comprehensive peace agreement and its aftermath. Sudans comprehensive peace agreement enough project. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan and the splmspla with annexes download select language. The institute for war and peace reporting commenting on sudan in july 2011 states. Power sharing signed at naivasha, kenya on 26th may, 2004 part iii. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of. Wassara phd1 introduction the sudan is a vast and varied country in terms of its geography and people, defining its social and political relations from the colonial era through independence. A sixyear interim period dated from 9 july 2005 is established during which the southern sudanese will have the right to govern affairs in their region and participate equitably in the national government. Featuring contributions from different sides of sudans conflicts, this accord examines who was excluded from the peace process and suggests how future initiatives could be more inclusive. The war that the government of sudan and the sudans.
Sudans ali osman mohamed taha and sudan peoples liberation movement leader john garang laugh before the signing of the comprehensive peace agreement in. This article illustrates that, in contrast to many cases, the comprehensive peace agreement cpa, which was signed in 2005 between the government of sudan. The comprehensive peace agreement and the dynamics of post. All signs suggest that the transition from greater sudan to the republics of sudan and south sudan is not the end of a conflict but rather the beginning of multiple new ones. The long road ahead executive summary and recommendations more than a year after it was signed, sudans comprehensive peace agreement cpa is showing signs of strain. Accepting the immediate need to bring an end to the tragic conflict ongoing in the republic of south sudan since 15 december 20, which has had such disastrous economic, political and social consequences for the people of south sudan. Intended by its architects as the cornerstone of peace in a country fractured by conflict, the comprehensive peace agreement, or cpa, has been hamstrung by the national congress partys.
The parties agree to a permanent ceasefire among all their forces with the broader objective of sustaining the comprehensive peace agreement, promoting peace culture, reconciliation and confidence building. Convinced of the urgent need for a comprehensive agreement that will finally bring peace and security to the people of darfur. This weeks post in the series enough 101 is the second of two posts offering a brief history of sudan, and covers the time period beginning in 2002 with the comprehensive peace agreeement negotiations through 2011 with the independence of south sudan. The war that the government of sudan and the sudan s people liberation movementarmy splama recently ended, erupted in 1983, following the breakdown of the 1972 addis ababa agreement. The negotiation of security issues in sudans comprehensive peace agreement 5 introduction t he agreement that ended the second sudanese civil war, the comprehensive peace agreement of january 2005, is in many ways a singular document. After the comprehensive peace agreement in sudan edited by. Kiir, garangs deputy, took leadership after garang died in a helicopter crash later in 2005. Igad center for pastoral areas and livestock development. Ikv pax christi works for peace, reconciliation and justice in the world. The challenges of sustaining peace and transforming sudan the national islamic front nif is too deformed to be reformed by dr. The sudan comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 was successful in ending the longest war in contemporary africa. The signing of the comprehensive peace agreement cpa was seen as a new era for sudan, but the country has many interwoven conflicts that cant be solved through a single agreement.
The cpa granted south sudan the right to a 2011 referendum on independence. Upon signing the comprehensive peace agreement, the presidency shall, as a matter of urgency, start peace and reconciliation process for abyei that shall work for harmony and peaceful coexistence in the area. Sudans comprehensive peace agreement by adam obrien the precarious peace between northern and southern sudan stands at a crucial crossroads. Pdf after the comprehensive peace agreement in sudan. The sudan peoples liberation army spla, with all its formations and units. Sudan, comprehensive peace agreement, naivasha agreement. Featuring contributions from different sides of sudan s conflicts, this accord examines who was excluded from the peace process and suggests how future. Protocol between the government of sudan and the sudan. Washington, dc 061709 current status of the comprehensive peace agreement and recent travels. The status of south sudans 2018 peace agreement south. Cpa alert 2 state of sudans comprehensive peace agreement pax. With the signing of sudans comprehensive peace agreement cpa in 2005, africas longestrunning war was ended. The comprehensive peace agreement between the government of.
It waged war, primarily in what is now south sudan, against the khartoum government until igad brokered the comprehensive peace agreement cpa in 2005. Since gaining its independence in 1956, sudan has been among the african countries which have. Oil development in sudan after the comprehensive peace agreement cpa, and represented an initial effort to present a sudanese perspective on how oil development could support or alternatively hinder the peace process in sudan. Prospects for peace, lessons learned cheri baker casespecific briefing paper humanitarian aid in complex emergencies university of denver 2011 abstract before the republic of south sudan can be considered a viable state, oil revenuesharing, debt. More than 2 million people have died in southern sudan over the past two. South sudans leaders signed a renewed peace agreement. Pdf after a long process of peace negotiations the comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed on 9 january 2005 between the government of.
The term comprehensive peace agreement for sudan means the peace agreement signed by the government of sudan and the splma in nairobi, kenya, on january 9, 2005. Institutional developments and political trends in focus areas samson s. Institute of peace library source information posted by usip library on. The 9 january signing of the comprehensive peace agreement between the government of the sudan and the sudan peoples liberation movement was a historic moment of great opportunity for the. Affirming the sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of the sudan. Chapeau of the comprehensive peace agreement whereas the government of the republic of the sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movement sudan peoples liberation army splma. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan. Peace agreements digital collection liberia comprehensive peace agreement comprehensive peace agreement between the government of liberia and the liberians united for reconcilation and democracy lurd and the movement for democracy in liberia model and political parties accra, august 18, 2003 table of contents text of the agreement. When sudan adopted an interim constitution in 2005 as part of a peace deal with the south, there were high hopes that the human rights principles enshrined in it would improve the situation on the ground. However, its implementation has been below the expectations of several communities, particularly in the wartorn regions of the. Unmis wound up its operations on 9 july 2011 with the completion of the interim period agreed on by the government of sudan and sudan peoples liberation movement in the comprehensive peace agreement cpa, signed on 9 january 2005.
The impact of the comprehensive peace agreement and the new. After a long process of peace negotiations, which started only three years after the outbreak of the second civil war in sudan in 1983, a comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed on january 9, 2005 between the government of sudan gos and the. This article illustrates that, in contrast to many cases, the comprehensive peace agreement cpa, which was signed in 2005 between the government of sudan represented by the ruling party. Salvaging south sudans fragile peace deal crisis group. But peace in southern sudan remains fragile, with governance and rule of law structures in need of strengthening sudans comprehensive peace agreement. Jen marlowe, for the pulitzer center southern sudanese share their perspectives on the comprehensive peace agreement and its aftermath. Igad signed revitalized agreement on the resolution of the. The extremely high level of detail and multiplicity of new institutions within the agreement have yielded delays, raising questions about the politi. While the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement brought new hope for southern sudan, many barriers remain to the agreements successful implementation three years onas recently illustrated by. Committed to achieving enduring peace and stability in the republic of south sudan. Chapeau of the comprehensive peace agreement whereas the government of the republic of the sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movementsudan peoples liberation army splma hereinafter refetted to as the parties, having met in continuous negotiations between may 2002. The sudan comprehensive peace agreement cpa is one of the rare achievements not only in the sudan but indeed in africa as it offers a unique resolution of one of the most complicated and protracted civil wars in africa. While the agreement ended one of africas longest and bloodiest civil wars, it was an agreement between only two parties, the sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma and the ruling national congress party ncp, and continues to lack broader support throughout the.
Comprehensive peace agreement project, does not bode well for the chances of avoiding new decades of conflict and the countries continued impoverishment. Comprehensive peace agreement the conflict between the north and the south erupted one year before sudan gained its independence in 1955. The comprehensive peace agreement between the government. Comprehensive peace agreement opened an opportunity to turn the devastation of more than 20 years of the most recent stage of the longer civil war into a new era of peace and prosperity. It offers a unique mechanism for resolving issues of religious diversity and setting a new basis for national unity based on the free will of the people. In respect of the southern sudan, there shall be a government of southern sudan goss, as per the borders of 1156, which shall consist of. Igad signed revitalized agreement on the resolution of. The impact of the comprehensive peace agreement and the. Chapeau of the comprehensive peace agreement whereas the government of the republic of the sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movement sudan peoples liberation army splma hereinafter refetted to as the parties, having met in continuous negotiations between may 2002. Pdf the comprehensive peace agreement and the questions. The comprehensive peace agreement between the government of the republic of the sudan and the sudan peoples liberation movementsudan peoples liberation army. From machakos protocol 2002 up until the comprehensive peace agreement cpa 2005, a ceasefire has been negotiated between warring actors and a framework for peace established one of the provisions of which is the southernsudan referendum for secession, january 2011.